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A cataract is the clouding of the natural lens of the eye, which leads to blurry or dim vision. It is most commonly related to aging but can also occur due to diabetes, eye injury, long-term steroid use, or genetic factors. Cataracts develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes.
Symptoms:
Blurred, cloudy, or dim vision
Sensitivity to light and glare
Difficulty seeing at night
Faded colors or double vision in one eye
Frequent changes in glasses or contact lens prescription
Treatment:
In early stages, stronger lighting and updated glasses may help. However, the only effective treatment for advanced cataracts is surgery, where the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Modern cataract surgery is safe, painless, and usually done as a day-care procedure with quick recovery.
Benefits:
Surgery restores clear vision, improves quality of life, and reduces the risk of falls and accidents in older adults.
Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition where the retina — the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye — pulls away from its normal position. This prevents the retina from functioning properly and, if not treated quickly, can lead to permanent vision loss. It is considered a medical emergency.
Symptoms:
Sudden appearance of floaters (spots or threads in vision)
Flashes of light in one or both eyes
Blurred or reduced vision
A shadow or curtain-like effect spreading across the visual field
Causes & Risk Factors:
Retinal tears, advanced diabetes, eye injuries, previous eye surgery, and severe myopia (nearsightedness) increase the risk.
Treatment:
Retinal detachment requires urgent medical or surgical intervention. Common treatments include laser therapy, cryotherapy (freezing), pneumatic retinopexy (gas bubble), scleral buckle, or vitrectomy surgery.
Recovery:
Early treatment can preserve vision. Regular eye check-ups are vital, especially for people with high risk.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve, usually due to increased pressure inside the eye. It develops slowly and often without early symptoms, which is why it is called the “silent thief of sight.” If not treated in time, glaucoma can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness.
Symptoms (in later stages):
Gradual loss of side (peripheral) vision
Blurred vision or seeing halos around lights
Eye pain, headache, nausea (in acute cases)
Difficulty seeing in low light
Causes & Risk Factors:
Glaucoma can be caused by fluid buildup in the eye. Risk increases with age, family history, diabetes, long-term steroid use, and high eye pressure.
Treatment:
There is no cure, but early detection helps prevent vision loss. Treatments include medicated eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to reduce eye pressure. Regular eye check-ups are essential for those at risk.
A squint, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes do not look in the same direction at the same time. One eye may look straight while the other turns inward, outward, upward, or downward. Squint can occur in children or adults and may be constant or occasional.
Symptoms:
Misalignment of one or both eyes
Double vision or blurred vision
Eye strain or headaches
Poor depth perception
In children, it may lead to lazy eye (amblyopia) if untreated
Causes:
Weakness or imbalance in the eye muscles, nerve problems, uncorrected vision issues, or medical conditions can cause squint.
Treatment:
Early treatment is important to prevent vision loss. Options include prescription glasses, eye exercises, patching (in children), Botox injections, or corrective surgery to align the eyes. With timely care, normal vision and eye coordination can be restored.
Ptosis is the medical term for drooping of the upper eyelid. It can affect one or both eyes and may be mild (barely noticeable) or severe enough to block vision. Ptosis can occur at any age, from birth (congenital ptosis) to later in life (acquired ptosis).
Symptoms:
Drooping of one or both eyelids
Difficulty keeping eyes open
Eye strain or tiredness, especially while reading
Tilting the head back or raising eyebrows to see better
Causes:
Ptosis may result from weak eyelid muscles, nerve problems, aging, eye injury, previous eye surgery, or neurological conditions.
Treatment:
Mild cases may not need treatment if vision is unaffected. However, when ptosis interferes with sight or appearance, surgery is the most effective option to lift and strengthen the eyelid. Early treatment in children is important to prevent lazy eye (amblyopia).
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Frequently Asked Question
What is ptosis, and where does it develop?
Ptosis is characterised by an excessive downward slant of the upper eyelid over the pupil. It may occasionally result in severe eyesight issues. It frequently exists from birth. This frequently results from an issue with the primary eyelid muscle.
Who is more likely to get a ptosis?
Children can also contract it, but adults are more likely to do so. Others possess it naturally. Some people get it through excessive eye-rubbing.
What are the benefits of undergoing a cornea transplant?
A cornea transplant is a life-changing solution for those with severely scarred or diseased corneas. The benefits of the procedure include:
Vision clarity
Option for minimally invasive techniques
Relief from pain
Enhanced quality of life