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Bariatric surgery refers to a group of weight-loss procedures that help people with severe obesity reduce excess weight and improve health conditions related to it. It is recommended when lifestyle changes, diet, and exercise are not enough, or when obesity-related diseases pose serious risks.
Common Types of Bariatric Surgery:
Gastric Bypass – creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes digestion
Sleeve Gastrectomy – removes a portion of the stomach to reduce its size
Adjustable Gastric Band – places a band around the stomach to limit food intake
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS) – combines stomach reduction with intestinal bypass
Benefits:
Significant and sustained weight loss
Improvement or remission of diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and joint pain
Enhanced mobility and quality of life
Recovery:
Patients usually stay in the hospital for 2–3 days. With proper diet, exercise, and follow-up care, bariatric surgery provides long-term health benefits and reduces obesity-related risks.
Gastric bypass is one of the most common types of bariatric (weight-loss) surgery, recommended for people with severe obesity or obesity-related health problems. It works by changing how the stomach and small intestine handle food.
How it works:
The surgeon creates a small pouch at the top of the stomach and connects it directly to the small intestine. This means food bypasses most of the stomach and part of the intestine, leading to reduced food intake and fewer calories absorbed.
Benefits:
Significant, long-term weight loss
Improvement or remission of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea
Reduced risk of heart disease and joint problems
Better mobility and overall quality of life
Recovery:
Patients usually stay in the hospital for 2–3 days. Most return to normal activities within 2–4 weeks. A healthy diet, vitamin supplements, regular exercise, and lifelong follow-up are important for lasting results.
The swallowable gastric pill balloon is a non-surgical, minimally invasive weight-loss treatment designed for people struggling with obesity. Unlike traditional bariatric surgery, it does not require anesthesia, endoscopy, or hospital stay.
How it works:
The patient swallows a small capsule containing a deflated balloon, which is then filled with liquid once inside the stomach. The balloon takes up space, helping the patient feel full sooner and eat less. After about 4–6 months, the balloon naturally deflates and passes out of the body.
Benefits:
No surgery, incisions, or anesthesia
Quick outpatient procedure, usually under 20 minutes
Helps patients lose 10–15% of body weight on average
Can improve obesity-related conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea
Encourages healthier eating habits and lifestyle changes
Recovery:
Most patients return to daily activities within 1–2 days. For best results, the treatment should be combined with a structured diet and exercise program.
Endoscopic intragastric ballooning is a non-surgical weight-loss procedure used for patients who are overweight or obese and have not achieved results through diet and exercise alone. It is a temporary method to reduce food intake and support healthier lifestyle changes.
How it works:
Using an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera), a soft silicone balloon is placed inside the stomach and then filled with saline. The balloon takes up space in the stomach, making patients feel full sooner and helping them eat smaller portions. The balloon is usually left in place for 6–12 months before being removed.
Benefits:
Minimally invasive, no permanent changes to the stomach
Helps achieve 10–20% body weight loss on average
Improves obesity-related conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol
Quick recovery; patients usually return to normal activities within 1–2 days
Recovery:
Some may experience nausea or discomfort in the first few days, which usually subsides. Long-term success depends on diet, exercise, and follow-up support.
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Frequently Asked Question
What is Cardiology?
Cardiology deals with heart and cardiovascular system disorders, covering issues like congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valve problems, and electrophysiology.
What is the role of cardiologists?
Cardiologists are trained medical professionals who diagnose and treat medical conditions like coronary artery disease and heart failure. They use a variety of diagnostic procedures, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterisation.
Can a cardiologist do a surgery?
No, a cardiologist usually does not conduct surgery. They diagnose and treat heart conditions using noninvasive techniques and medications.
Are cardiology and CTVS the same?
Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery are distinct medical fields. Though they collaborate closely in patient care, they serve different purposes. Cardiologists are doctors specialized in treating heart conditions after extra training in the field.
Which food is good for the heart?
Below are five foods that are generally considered good for heart health:
- Fruits and vegetables
- Whole wheat, oats, and brown rice
- Fatty fish
- Nuts and seeds
- Beans, peas, and lentils