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Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver that stores bile. They can range in size from tiny grains to larger stones and may cause no symptoms at all. However, when gallstones block the bile ducts, they can lead to severe pain and complications.
Symptoms:
Sudden, sharp pain in the upper right or middle abdomen (often after meals)
Nausea or vomiting
Indigestion, bloating, or intolerance to fatty foods
Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes) if the bile duct is blocked
Treatment:
Not all gallstones require treatment. Small, silent stones may simply be monitored. Symptomatic gallstones usually need medical attention. Doctors may recommend medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to remove the gallbladder for long-term relief. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious issues like infection or pancreatitis.
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or wall, often appearing as a visible lump. The most common types are inguinal (groin), umbilical (navel), hiatal (upper stomach), and incisional (from previous surgery). Hernias are common in both men and women and can worsen if left untreated.
Symptoms:
A bulge or swelling that increases while standing or coughing
Discomfort or pain, especially when lifting or straining
Heaviness or pressure in the affected area
Heartburn or indigestion (in hiatal hernia)
Treatment:
Hernias do not heal on their own and may enlarge over time. While mild cases can be managed temporarily with lifestyle changes, surgery is usually the definitive treatment. Modern minimally invasive (laparoscopic) techniques allow quicker recovery and reduce recurrence risk. Early diagnosis prevents complications like strangulation.
Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine. It is a medical emergency because, if left untreated, the appendix can burst and cause a serious infection inside the abdomen. Appendicitis can affect people of all ages but is most common in young adults.
Symptoms:
Sudden pain starting near the belly button and moving to the lower right abdomen
Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
Fever and abdominal bloating
Constipation or diarrhea in some cases
Treatment:
Immediate medical attention is required. While antibiotics may help in mild cases, surgery (appendectomy) is the most common treatment to remove the inflamed appendix. Modern laparoscopic surgery ensures faster recovery and fewer complications. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent rupture and serious infections.
Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) slips outside the anus. It can affect both men and women but is more common in older adults and women after childbirth. While not always life-threatening, rectal prolapse can cause discomfort, embarrassment, and complications if left untreated.
Symptoms:
A visible bulge or protrusion from the anus, especially after bowel movements
Difficulty controlling bowel movements (fecal incontinence)
Mucus or blood discharge from the rectum
A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
Pain or irritation around the anus
Treatment:
Rectal prolapse usually requires medical treatment. In early stages, lifestyle changes and pelvic floor exercises may help. However, most cases need surgery to repair the rectum and restore normal function. Modern minimally invasive procedures allow quicker recovery and reduce recurrence. Early diagnosis ensures better outcomes.
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Frequently Asked Question
What is a hernia?
A hernia refers to when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak muscle or connective tissue. It often appears as a bulge or lump in the affected area.
Who is at risk of developing a hernia?
Males, older adults, and smokers are typically at a higher risk of developing the condition. Obesity and strenuous physical activity can also lead to the culmination of the disease.